By the end of the lectures, the student should:

·         Understand the course description and objectives

·         Know the course scope and outline

·         Be familiar with references chosen and resources available

·         Know the continuous assessment and how you will be evaluated

·         Know the definition of operative dentistry, its indications and considerations

• Know that caries is a chronic common disease
• Know that it can affect developed and developing countries
• Understand its distribution and polarization
• Be able to define caries and how the process starts
• Define dental plaque, and understand the role of bacteria in caries
• Know the specific bacteria involved in dental caries
• Understand the demineralization – remineralization cycle
• Know the meaning of acidogenic, cariogenic, and cariogenic potential
• Be able to describe how caries progresses in different locations in the tooth
• Understand different strategies of treating and preventing dental caries
• Know the numbering system used in the school and important anatomic features of teeth

 

                       

 

 

Titles and subtitles of the subject

 

Definition.

 

Scope of Operative Dentistry.

 

Objectives of Operative Dentistry.

a) Restoration of health.

b) Restoration of efficient and comfortable mastication.

c) Restoration of esthetics.

d) Restoration of normal occlusion.

 

Lesions Affecting Calcified Tooth Structure.

a) Dental caries:

a)     Factors contributing for dental-caries.

       1)The host including : the tooth

       2) saliva.

        3)The microbiota in the area.

 4)The kind of diet consumed

    b)Classification of dental caries.

 

b) Erosion.

c) Abrasion.

d) Attrition.

e) Fractures.

f) Non-hereditary enamel

g) hypoplasia.

h) Amelogenesis imperfecta.

i) Dentinogenesis imperfecta.

 

Cavity classification.

a) Surface anatomy.

b) Number of involved surfaces.

c) G.V. Black’s classification.

 

Cavity Nomenclature and Components.

 

 

 

 

By the end of the lectures the student should understand

 

·         Chemical composition of enamel

·         Chemical composition of dentin

·         Clinical dentin characterization

·         Primary dentin

·         Secondary dentin

·         Tooth anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion

 

 

Titels and sub-titles of the subject

 

Tooth Histology

A. Enamel

Chemical composition of enamel

Structure of enamel

Hardness of enamel

Direction of enamel rods

Dentino-enamel junction (DEJ)

Repair of enamel

Permeability of enamel

Solubility of enamel

 

B. Dentin-Pulp complex

1. The Dentin

The dentinal tubules

Chemical composition of dentin

Clinical dentin characterization

Dentin sensitivity

Dentin permeability

Smear layer

Primary dentin

Secondary dentin

Tertiary dentin

Sclerotic dentin

Intertubular dentin

Intratubular dentin

 

2. The Pulp

 

C. Cementum

 

Tooth Anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion

A. Function

 

B. Alignment

 

C. Contour

 

D. Axial inclination

 

E. Geometric concept of crown outlines

 

F. Proximal contact areas

Contact areas from labial and buccal aspects

Contact areas from incisal and occlusal surfaces

 

G. Embrasures (spillways)

 

H. Occlusal anatomy

 

I. Centric occlusion

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By the end of the lectures, the student should:

 

·         Know what materials hand instruments are made of

·         Know different parts of cutting and non cutting hand instruments

·         Understand the rationale of angulating hand instruments

·         Be familiar with different nomenclatures  and classifications for hand instruments (descriptive and numeric)

·         Know the design, function, cutting modes of a hatchet, chisel, spoon, and gingival marginal trimmers.

·         Be able to differentiate  between different gingival marginal trimmers (eg. Mesial from distal) and different angle formers

·         Be able to differentiate hatchets from chisels

·         Understand and use the Black’s numeric classifications (three and four numbered formulas), and when both are used

·         Be familiar with the function and design of non cutting instruments such as (amalgam carriers, condensers, carvers, burnishers, plastic instruments, spatulas, mirrors, explorers, periodontal probes, and forceps)

·         Know the common instruments grasps, and be able to describe them

·         Know the types of handpieces (hp) used in dentistry

·         Know the types of contra-angle available (high and low speed)

·         Be familiar with speed ranges for both high and low speed and their indication of use

·         Know different types of heads used with the contra-angle hp

·         Be familiar with the components of dental burs their function, and types

o   Shank (differentiate between types)

o   Neck

o   Head [two major types: bladed and abrasive, different shapes(eg. Round, fissure…)]

·         Know the basic shapes of burs and how they are numbered

·         Know the different materials burs are made of

·         Be familiar with the indication of use of common dental burs (eg. Round, inverted cone…)

·         Know the different modifications of the bur head

·         Be familiar with finishing burs (12 or more flutes),and their  uses

·         Know hazards of cutting instruments, and how to prevent or avoid them

·         Be familiar with common and avoidable patient positions

·         Know the different operator positions (7, 9, 11, 12, 5, 3, and 1 o’clock )

·         Know the best operator position for working on different quadrants

·         Be familiar with the angle of maxillary and mandibular arches in relation to the floor

·         Know what the exchange zone is

·         Know that you need to always rest your fingers when working

 

 

 

Titles and sub- titles of the subject: 

General Classification:

1.     Diagnostic instruments.

2.     Instruments for preparing tooth structures.

3.     Restoring instruments.

 

1. Diagnostic Instruments.

A)     Mirrors.

B)     Explorers.

C)     Probes.

 

2. Instruments for Preparing Tooth Structures

I. Hand Cutting Instruments:

a)     Instruments parts.

b)      Instruments nomenclature.

c)      Instruments formula.

d)     Instruments design.

1. Direct and lateral cutting.

2. Contra angling.

3. Single beveled instrument.

4. Bibeveled instruments.

5. Triple-beveled instrument.

6. Circumferential beveled. Instrument.

7. Right and left instruments.

8. Single ended and double ended instruments.

e)      Types of hand cutting instruments.

f)      Instruments grasps, rests and guards.

g)      Sharpening and care.

 

II. Rotary Cutting and Abrasive Instruments:

a)     Operating speed ranges.

b)      Common design characteristics.

c)      Rotary tools:

1. Dental cutting burs:

   Types and classifications.

   Head design.

   Cutting efficiency.

 

2. Dental abrading tools:

   Types and classifications.

   Head design.

   Cutting efficiency.

  

d)     Advantages and limitations of rotary instruments.

e)      Eccentricity.

f)      Heat generation.

 

III. Ultrasonic Instruments.

 

IV. Laser Equipment.

 

3. Restoring Instruments

a)     Mixing instruments.

b)      Plastic instruments.

c)      Condensing instruments.

d)     Burnishing instruments.

e)      Carvers.

f)      Finishing and polishing instruments.

g)      Matrices:

Definition.

Importance.

Requirements.

Types.

Instructions for using matrix band.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Definition

 

Need and objectives of restorations

 

Principles of tooth preparation:

A.     Biological form.

B.     Mechanical form.

A. Biological form of tooth preparation:

1) Protection of the pulp.

2) Prevention of caries recurrence.

 

B. Mechanical form of tooth preparation:

I.      Outline form and initial depth.

II.    Performing resistance and retention forms.

III.    Convenience form.

IV.   Removal of any remaining infected dentin.

V.    Finishing of enamel and external cavity walls.

VI.   Cleaning and toileting.

I. Outline form and initial depth:

Definition.

Principles.

Factors.

Features:

a) Outline form of pit-and-fissure lesions.

b) Outline form of smooth surface lesions.

 

II. Performing Resistance and retention forms:

a) Primary resistance form:

Definition.

Principles.

Factors.

Features.

b) Primary retention form:

Definition.

Principles.

Factors.

Features.

c) Secondary resistance and retention forms:

     Mechanical features.

     Cavity wall conditioning features.

d) Relation between resistance and retention forms.

 

III. Convenience form:

     Definition.

     Features.

 

IV. Removal of any remaining infected dentin:

     Conditions at routine cavity depth.

     Technique.

 

V. Finishing of enamel and external cavity walls:

     Definition.

     Objectives.

     Factors.

     Features.

     Technique.

 

VI. Cleaning and toileting.

 

 

 

 

Advantages

Disadvantages

Indications

Definition and Composition

Classification

 

Composition and Structure:

a) Conventional dental amalgam.

b) High-copper dental amalgam.

 

Cavity Preparations:

a) General features.

b) Designs of Class I Cavity preparation.

c) Designs of Class II cavity preparation.

     

 

 

Manipulation of Amalgam:

A)     Selection of alloy and mercury.

B)     Proportioning.

C)     Trituration:

       Methods.

        Mulling.

D)     Condensation.

E)     Carving:

Timing of carving.

Direction of carving.

Carvers.

Precarve and postcarve burnishing.

F)     Finishing and polishing:

Objectives.

Principles and procedures.

 

Matrices for Compound Cavity Preparation:

A)     Universal matrix.

B)     Compound-supported matrix.

C)     Automatrix.

Mercury Management and Mercury Hygiene

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Definition

 

Material:

A)     Composition and effects of each component.

B)     Classification and types of gold alloys.

 

Advantages

 

Disadvantages.

 

Indications.

 

Contraindications.

 

Steps of construction of gold inlay restoration:

I. Cavity preparation:

a)      General features.

b)      Cavity preparation for occluso-proximal inlay.

c)      Cavity preparation for MOD onlay.

d)     Checking the prepared cavity.

 

II. Construction of wax pattern:

a)      Requirements of ideal wax pattern.

b)      Technique, indications, advantages and disadvantages of direct wax pattern.

c)      Indications, advantages and disadvantages of indirect wax pattern.

 

III. Spruing the pattern, investing, wax elimination and mold expansion:

a)      Types of the sprue formers.

b)      Requirements of sprue former and attachment.

c)      Mounting ring, investing the pattern, wax elimination and mold expansion.

 

IV. Heating alloy, melting and casting.

 

V. Inspection of casting, finishing and polishing:

a)      Finishing procedures.

b)      Casting errors.

 

VI. Cementation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Components of Dental Composite

 

Types and Properties of Dental Composites

a) Macrofilled composites.

b) Microfilled composites.

c) Small particle composites.

d) Hybrid composites.

e) Flowable composites.

f) Condensable (compactable) composites.

 

Fundamentals and Direct Technique of Composite Resin Restorations for Class III, IV and V

a) Class III Restorations.

b) Class IV Restorations.

c) Shade or Color Selection.

d) Matrices.

e) Method of Curing of Resin Composite Restoration and Insertion.

f) Finishing and Polishing.

g) Class V Restorations.

 

Longevity of Composite Restorations

 

 

 

 

Advantages

 

Disadvantages

 

Composition and Structure:

a) The glass powder.

b) The polyacid liquid.

c) Compositional forms:

    1. Polyacid-mixable cements.

    2. Water-mixable cements.

    3. Mixed cements.

 

Types of Glass Ionomer Cements:

a) Conventional Glass Ionomer Cements:

    Setting reaction.

    Types.

 

b) Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cements:

    Setting reaction.

    Types.

 

c) Polyacid-modified Resin Composite:

    Setting reaction.

    Clinical applications.

 

Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements:

a) Hydration and Dehydration.

b) Biocompatibility.

c) Setting Shrinkage.

d) Bonding to Tooth Structure.

e) Wear Properties.

f) Strength Properties.

g) Fluoride Release/Uptake.

 

Clinical Indications.

 

Contra-indications.

 

Cavity Design.

 

Manipulation:

a) Dispensing and Mixing.

b) Placement Technique.

 

 

The Protective Functions of Enamel and Dentin.

 

Problems Associated With Loss of Hard Tooth Structure.

 

Indications for Cavity Lining.

 

Determining the Amount of Required Dentin-Pulp Protection.

 

Required Material Properties.

 

Cavity Liners:

a) Thin Liners:

1.     Solution liners (Cavity varnish).

2.     Suspension liners.

3.     Bonding agent.

 

b) Thick Liners (Cement liners):

1.     The hard setting calcium hydroxide cement.

2.     The light-cured calcium hydroxide.

3.     The low viscosity (Type IV) zinc oxide eugenol cement.

4.     The resin-modified glass ionomer cement.

 

Cement Bases:

a) Zinc phosphate cement.

b) The resin reinforced (Type III) zinc oxide eugenol cement.

c) The zinc polycarboxylate cement.

d) The resin-modified glass ionomer cement.

 

 

 

Pre-clinical Operative Dentistry lecturers, 3rd year 1st semester, 2008 – 2009 Course Director: Pr: Fadel.Sobhy. Othman

King Abdulaziz University – Faculty of Dentistry Conservative Dental Science Department Operative Dentistry Division

                                                                                                                                    

Males:    Sat          13:00 – 14:00                      Females:                Mon       13:00 – 14:00   M.K = fadel othman

                Wed        13:00 – 14:00                                                      Wed        09:00 – 10:00   H.S = Hani Shams

 

 

 

King Abdulaziz University - Faculty of Dentistry

Conservative Dental Science Department

Operative Dentistry Division

 

Pre-clinical Operative Dentistry lecture and laboratory out line

3^rd year

1^st semester, 2008 – 2009

 

Course Director: Prof. Dr. Fadel Sobhy Othman

Males:              Saturdays         13:00 – 16:00              Females:          Mondays          13:00 – 16:00

                        Wednesdays    13:00 – 16:00                                      Wednesdays    09:00 – 12:00

 

* The session starts with one hour lecture, followed by two lab. hours

** S = Saturday, M = Monday, W = Wednesday

 

1^st week         11- 15  Oct. ( 11   - 15    Shawal)

 

Lecture (S & M ):        Introduction to Operative Dentistry, course objectives & scope

Lab (S & M):               No lab

 

Lecture (W ):               Caries Introduction, quick dental anatomy review

Lab (W):                      Familiarize Students with phantom lab & its maintenance

                                   

                                   

====================================

 

2^nd week        18 -22   Oct. (  22  -26     Shawal)                        

 

Lecture (S & M):         Cavity classification & Nomenclature (1)

Lab (S & M):               Draw lines separated by 2m, 1.5m, 1mm,

                                   

 

Lecture (W):                Cavity classification & Nomenclature (2)

Lab (W):                      Cavity classification & Nomenclature exercise

                                     Teeth identification & numbering

====================================

 

3^rd week         25 -29   Oct. ( 25   - 29    Shawal)

                                   

Lecture (S & M):         General principles of cavity preparation (1)

Lab (S & M):               hand pc exercise: - Box - shaped cavity preparation (2.5 x 2 x 1.5)

-          Round cavity preparation (2 x 1.5 mm)

 

Lecture (W):                Instruments (1)

Lab (W):                      Letter "S" cavity preparation, & Step - shaped box

====================================

 

 

 

4^th week         1-5   Nov. (   3 - 7 Thu Al Qedah   )

           

Lecture (S & M):         General principles of cavity preparations (2)

Lab (S & M):               Chair and patient positions & Instruments review

 

Lecture (W):                Instruments (2) & Simple occlusal cavity (S.O.C) for amalgam. (classI) (36) 

Lab (W):                      Instruments review

 

====================================

 

5^th week         8-12   Nov. (   10 - 14   Thu Al Qedah)

           

Lecture (S&M):           General principles of cavity preparations (3)

Lab (S & M):               S.O.C. for amalgam # 36

 

Lecture (W):                 Instruments (3)

Lab (W) :                     S.O.C. for amalgam. Continue # 36

 

===================================

 

6^th week         15- 19  Nov. (   17 -21    Thu Al Qedah)

           

Lecture (S&M):           General principles of cavity preparations (4)

Lab (S & M):               S.O.C. for amalgam # 47

 

Lecture (W):                 S.O.C. for amalgam (47 & buccal pit)

Lab (W):                      S.O.C. for amalgam. Continue # 47,

Buccal pit on # 47

 

* Students submit tooth # 36 & # 47 class I  (S.O.C.) for evaluation at the end of second lab. 

           (lab work will not be accepted after due date).

   

==================================

 

7^th week         22-26   Nov. (   24 -28     Thu Al Qedah)

                       

Lecture (S&M):           Amalgam (1)

Lab (S & M):               S.O.C. for amalgam # 37

                                    Buccal pit on # 16

 

Lecture (w):                Different & special forms of class I (O.B & P & L, palatal pits, upper and lower pm's)

Lab (W):                      S.O.C. for amalgam   # 16

 

==================================

 

 

 

8^th week         29 Nov-1Dec. (1-3 Thu Al-Hejja) 

 

Lecture (S & M) :        Amalgam (2)

Lab (S & M):               S.O.C. for amalgam # 27 & continue #16

 

 

*Students submit tooth # 16 & # 37 class I ( S.O.C.) for evaluation at the end of the second lab   

     (lab work will not be accepted after due date). 

 

===================================

 

9^th week         15-17 Dec. (17-19 Thu Al-Hejja)                        

 

Lecture (M):    No lecture,lab starts early

Lab (M):                      # 36 occluso - buccal,

# 47 occluso - lingual,

# 16 occluso - palatal

 

Lecture (W):                Amalgam (3 )

Lab(W):                      

                                  Continue (#36, 47, and 16), compound class I,

                                    Mix and apply liners and bases

 

====================================

 

10^th week       20-24 Dec. (22-26 Thu Al-Hejja)                        

 

Lecture (S & M):         Amalgam (4 )

Lab (S & M):               Class V # 27,

                                    Continue: Mix and apply liners and bases

 

Lecture (W):                Class V preparation for amalgam 

Lab (W):                      Start amalgam restoration of buccal pits on #47 & #16,

                                    Amalgam restoration of class V #27

 

*Students submit tooth # 36 , # 47 & # 16 class I with ( buccal / lingual ext.) for evaluation

    at the end of the second lab

                        ( lab work will not be accepted after due date).

 

==================================

 

11^th week       27-31 Dec. (29 Thu Al-Hejja - 3 Moharam)   

 

Lecture (S & M):         Amalgam restoration of class I and V

Lab (S & M):               Amalgam restoration of # 37 (class I),

Amalgam restoration of # 27 (class I)

 

Lecture (W):                Amalgam finishing and polishing

Lab (W):                      Amalgam restoration of # 16 (O.P),

                                    Finishing and polishing of # 37 (occlusal), & # 27 (class V)

 

 

12^th week       3 -7 jan. (6 - 10 Moharam)          

 

Lecture (S & M):         Class II amalgam preparation (1)

Lab (S & M):               Continue:        Amalgam restoration of # 37& #27 (class I),

Finishing and polishing of # 37& #27 (occlusal) & #27 (class V), 

 

 

Lecture (W):                No lecture, lab starts early

Lab (W):                      Class II preparation for amalgam # 46 (O.M)  

 

*Students submit tooth #37 amalgam restoration for class I (O.B) & # 16 amalgam restoration for    class I (O.P) & # 27 class V at the end of the second lab

         ( lab work will not be accepted after due date).

 

===================================

 

13^th week       10 - 14 jan. (13 - 17 Moharam)               

 

Lecture (S & M):         Class II amalgam preparation (2)

Lab (S & M):               Continue #46 (O.M) &Class II preparation for amalgam  # 35  (O.M)

 

Lecture (W):                No lecture, lab starts early                 

Lab (W):                      Continue # 35 O.M, & Class II preparation for amalgam # 24 (O.D)          

 

====================================

 

14^th week       17- 21 jan. (20 - 24 Moharam)    

 

Lecture (S & M):         Revision

Lab (S & M):               Revision

 

Lecture (W):                No lecture, lab starts early for exam

Lab (W):                      Med term laboratory exam

            

Evaluation of Class I Cavity Preparation for Amalgam Restoration tooth # 47

 

 

 

 

 

Evaluation of Class I Cavity Preparation for Amalgam Restoration tooth # 15

 

 

 

 

 

Evaluation of Class I (O-B) Cavity Preparation for Amalgam Restoration tooth # 36

 

 

 

 

 

 

Evaluation of Class I (O-L) Cavity Preparation for Amalgam Restoration tooth # 16

 

 

 

 

 

Evaluation of Class II (MOD) Cavity Preparation for Amalgam Restoration tooth # 36

 

 

Evaluation of Class II (MOD) Cavity Preparation for Amalgam Restoration tooth # 45

 

 

 

Evaluation of Class II (MOD) Cavity Preparation for Amalgam Restoration tooth # 25

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Evaluation of Class II (OM + DOL) Cavity Preparation for Amalgam Restoration tooth #26